coconut tree

I. COCONUT

coconut tree

   

Coconut is a manor crop/modern type of tree trunks straight from the family Palmae. There are two assessments with respect to the starting point of the coconut is from South America as indicated by DF Cook, Van M Beccari and Thor H and of Asian or Indo-Pacific. Coconut plant is one of the first individuals from the family Cocos are utilized by Vasco da Gama and the district of starting point is the valleys of the Andes in Columbia. The scientists reasoned that oil originates from the region we now know the Malaysia-Indonesia. From this region, either by sea streams and also human instrumentality, coconut spread to the region - another territory.

a. Speculation focuses

Coconut is generally accessible in nations of Asia and the Pacific that created 5.276 million tons (82%) of world generation with a range of ± 8.875 million ha (1984), which incorporates 12 nations, while whatever is left of the nations in Africa and South America.

b. Plant Type

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) including familia Palmae isolated into three sections:

(1) Oil in the assortments viridis (green coconut), rubescens (red palm) Macrocorpu (coconut dark), Sakarina (coconut sweet).

(2) Coconut Eburnea early developing assortments (ivory palm), assortments regia (ruler coconut), pumila (coconut quail), pretiosa (malabar lord coconut).

(3) Oil cross breed

c. Advantages of Plants

Named coconut tree of life, in light of the fact that all aspects of the plant can be used as takes after:

(1) fiber: mats, sweepers, mats, material for spring bed.

(2) shell: charcoal, actuated carbon and artworks.

(3) substance: copra, coconut oil, coconut cream, coconut milk, dried ground coconut.

(4) coconut water: vinegar, Nata de Coco.

(5) palm trunk: building materials for the edge or rooftop.

(6) palm leaves: sticks for floor brushes, wickerwork (party beautifications ).

(7) the sap of coconut: cocoa sugar (palm).

II. Developing CONDITIONS

a. Atmosphere

Coconut develop well in territories with precipitation between 1300-2300 mm/year, even

up to 3800 mm or all the more, all the dirt has great waste.

Coconut like long presentation to daylight with at least 120 hours/month as a vitality source photosynthesis.

coconut is very delicate to low temperatures and develops best at a temperature of 20-27 degrees C. At a temperature of 15 degrees C, there will be changes in plant physiological coconut.

RH coconut develop well in normal month to month least 70-80% rH 65% of air is low, yet in the event that the plant is too high rH lead to irritations and sicknesses.

b. Developing media

Oil plants developed on distinctive sorts of soil, for example, alluvial, laterite, volcanic, sandy, dirt or rough soil, however the best on alluvial stores.

Coconut can flourish at pH 5-8, ideal at pH 5.5-6,5. On soils with a pH above 7.5 and there is no parity of supplements, regularly demonstrate indications of insufficiency of iron and manganese.

Coconut requires groundwater on the condition that when the accessible soil water content together with supplies of water in addition to precipitation amid the first month or the same as the potential evapotranspiration, the ground water is accessible. Soil water parity is influenced by the physical properties of the dirt, particularly natural matter substance and the condition of ground spread. Breaks or fancied soil profundity of no less than 80-100 cm.

The oil yields require land that is level (0-3%). Ashore slant level higher (3-half) to be made porches to counteract soil corruption because of disintegration, keep up soil fruitfulness and enhance soil.

c. Elevation

Oil plants develop well swamp zones with ideal stature of 0-450 m above ocean level. At a height of 450-1000 m above ocean level late fruiting time, and a low oil content.

III. Specialized GUIDELINES FOR RAISING

a) Nurseries

Seed Requirements. Terms of the guardian tree is 20-40 years of age, high creation (80-120 grains/tree/year) constantly with large amounts of copra (25 kg/tree/year), solid and straight trunk with a crown-formed round (circular) or semispherical, leaves and stems are without solid from nuisances and illnesses.

Trademark ready organic product for seed, ie ± 12 months of age, 4/5 cocoa skin, round and somewhat oval shape, the fiber is not wound, does not contain the nuisance, the natural product length 22-25 cm, width 17-22 cm natural product, smooth and smooth organic product, squeeze enough, when shaken by a noisy sound.Preparation of Seed.Selection of seeds according to the necessities, rest of seed for ± 1 month in the animal dwellingplace with crisp and dry aerates and cools, does not break, not straightforwardly presented to daylight and air temperature 25-27 degrees C in the stockroom and led by heaping the natural product in single pyramidal high as 1 meter and watched consistently.

Procedures Seeding Seed

1. Rearing in beds

Terms of nursery area: level geography, great seepage, close to the water source by the quantity of Ju a considerable amount, near the planting site.

Seedbed readiness with a polybag.Tillage until brittle 30-40 cm, as beds with a width of 2 m tallness 25 length relies on upon the area with a separation of 60-80 m between beds. For polybag, made of dark poliprophylene with the size 50x40cm and 0.2 mm thick, punctured base breadth of 0.5 cm by 7.5 cm separation between gaps upwards of 48 pieces for air circulation, waste and therefore loaded with finely ground topsoil (if the heaviness of the dirt must be blended with sand 2: 1).

Nursery, by cutting the seed width ± 5 cm on the edge alongside the stem confronting coir most stretched out side with a sharp apparatus and ought not be rehashed.

Planting the seed in the ground as profound as 2/3 of the entry points confronting upwards and mikrofil toward the east.

Planting with position triangle converge. Each one square meter can in the substance of 30-35 seeds or 25,000 grains for zone 1 hectare.

- Old nursery 5-7 months; dividing of 60x60x60 cm; the measure of 24,000 seeds/ha.

- Old nursery 7-9 months; dividing of 60x60x60 cm; the measure of 17,000 seeds/ha.

- Old nursery 9-11 months; dividing of 60x60x60 cm; 1,000 number of seedlings/ha.

At the point when sowing in seedbed, then after the seeds grow (sprout length of 3-4 cm) ought to be moved to a polybag.

Polybag nursery finally for 6-12 months, verdant ± 6 strands high and 90-100 cm. Nursery seedlings in polybag

2.Pembibitan

(1). Terms spot: level area, open, close water source, near the planting zone, is ripe and effortlessly checked

(2). The most effective method to make a raised bed:

- Land handled 30-40 cm, cleaned of weeds/rocks

- Form of beds measuring 6 x 2 x 0.2 meters with a separation of 80 cm between beds.

(3). plant make course of action with a dispersing of seedlings of 60 x 60 x 60 cm.

(4). Planting sprouts:

- Planting sprouts as per the measure of the seed.

- Growing sprouts in a gap with an implanted up to the base of a novice.

 Maintenance Seeding

Upkeep of the present nursery, include:

(1). Watering, done utilizing buildup as a part of two days I 5 liters/m2/day, each morning and evening, and afterward 6 liters/m2/day. To figure out if or insufficient watering, then following 2 hours at the entry point is squeezed with the thumb, when out of water it has enough watering.

(2). Cleaning grasses to keep a large group of bugs and illnesses.

Support at the season of seeding, specifically:

(1). Watering, performed until immersed, then be drenched with the buildup, in the morning and evening. Requirements watering per polybag every day, contingent upon the age of the seedlings.

(2). Assurance, with the procurement of bug spray or fungicide with a normal measurement of 2 cc/liter and showered on plants until wet and uneven.

(3). Weeding, directed each month, with mechanical and herbicide.

(4). Preparation, specifically Nitrogen, Phosphate, Potassium and Magnesium are directed each month by blending into the dirt 3 cm thick polybag.

(5). Choice of seeds, include: isolating plants are midget, malady, bugs and done persistently at interims of 1 quite a long time old seedlings Terms of good seed.

 Displacement Seeds

Transplanting seedlings ought to be the blustery season, coincidentally:

(a) Seeds were moved as seeds scratched emptied from the nursery seedlings. Seedlings when dislodging has come to 9-12 months.

(b) Seed polybag; moved at the age of 9-12 months. A few days before being moved out of the polybag roots ought to be cut.

b) PLANTING MEDIA PROCESSING

 Preparation

Readiness that is required is the development of area planning and usage of the review. The objective is to decide the kind of yield, the slant of the area, soil conditions, deciding the requirement for work, materials and hardware fundamental costs.

 Clearing.

Forested area. Exercises include:

(a) cutting bushes and gathered, dried and smoldered.

(b) Cutting of trees, with a high felling of trees relying upon size.

(c) old coconut product land. Old coconut trees felled at the root neckline.

Where conceivable palm stems can be sold as building material.

1. The region of reeds.

Activities completed can be partitioned into two sorts, to be specific:

(1). Reed height> 80 cm

- Tripe reeds to ± 20 cm, then permitted to become go down to 30-40 cm.

- Spray with herbicides containing the dynamic fixing glyphosate (Round-up) as much as 5 liters, 2.4-diamine, and Dowpon. Pengguanan Round up for every hectare is required.

- After two weeks, splashing adjustment by method for spot showering utilizing round up as much as 0.5 liters for each hectare.

(2). Horticultural previous agrarian area

No need clearing once more, and can be straightforwardly done by making the planting gap, planting vegetables and other essential activities further.

 Establishment of Beds

The heap is made rou